Turkey is the gateway between Europe and Asia, it is an Euroasian country located on the Mediterranean stretching across the Anatolian peninsula in Southwest Asia and the Balkan region of Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
Asian part of Turkey which includes 97 percent of the country, sperated from European Turkey by the Bosphorus the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles. Europen Turkey comprises 3 percent of the country. The territory of Turkey is more than 1600 Kilometres (990 Miles) long and 800 Kilometres (500 Miles) wide with a rectangular shape. It lies between latitudes 36' and 42' N and longitudes 26' and 45'E Turkey's land area; including lakes, occupies 814.578 Square Kilometers (305.00 Square Miles)
Traveling in Turkey is a wonderful and enriching experience as you discover ancient traditions, a friendly Turkish Culture, historical sites as well places and destinations that will make a wonderful country for your holidays.
Turkey has an extreme climate range. The Tempeture in turkey varies greatly from season to season. Roughtly Turkey has been divided into seven regions depending upon the weather and climatic regions. Some regions such as Istanbul and Marmara Region have a very moderate climate with a winter tempeture around 4 degrees C  and summer around 35 degrees C. Anatolian Plateau has much more extreme climate than coastal regions, winters are very severe in these regions. Temperature in the mountain regions towards to East can be as low as -30 degrees C to -40 degrees C and area is covered with snow for almost 120 days in a year. The Western Anatolia and the Southern regions have the same mild Mediterranean climate. The average temperature in winters is around 3-4 degrees C and in the summers it is about 27-28 degrees C.
Anatolia (Asian Part of Turkey) was occupied in 1900 BC by the European Hittites and after Hittite Empire collapsed in 1200 BC, it was rulled by Phrygians and Lydians. The Persian Empire conqured the area in 6th century BC giving way to the Roman Empire then later the Byzantine Empire. The Ottoman Turks first appeared in early 13th century subjugating Turkish and Mongol bands pressing aganist the eastern borders of Byzantium and making the Christian Balkan states their vassals. They gradually spread through the near East and Balkans, capturing Constantinople in 1453 and storming the gates of Vienna two centuries later. The Ottoman Empire Stretched from Persian Gulf to Western Algeria, lasting for 600 years. After the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire began to be declined politicially and economically. By the 18th century, Russia was searching to establish itself as the protector of Christians in Ottoman's Balkan territories. Russian ambitions were checked b Britain and France in Crimean War (1854-1856) then Russian - Turkish War (1877-1878) gave Bulgaria virtual independence and Romania liberation to the Ottoman Empire. In 1909 young liberals known as Young Turks, they forced Sultan Abdulhamid to grant a constitution and install a liberal government. Ottoman Empire sided with Germany in World War I and as a result, lost territory at the conclusion of the war. Turkish people started their independence battle in 1919 by the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and finally on 29th of October 1923 Turkish people started their new country with a new government system which is called Turkish Republic.